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[quote]Linguistically fard means to decree, whilst in the Shari`a, it denotes that which is delineated in such a manner that no increase or decrease is possible. The command of a fard is communicated by a definite (qat`i) text wherein there is no ambiguity, clear and specific. To act upon it and to believe in it is binding. , Another distinction is that one who refuses to believe in a fard such as salah or zakah is rendered an unbeliever.

The term wajib, when used in a non-Shari` context, has the connotation of ‘necessary.Wajib means obligatory, as does fard, but according to the Hanafis, they are distinguished based upon the strength of the evidence they are established upon. The difference between the two is rooted theology. If one denies a fard, they are considered a kafir, but not so if they deny a wajib

Sunna mu`akkada (emphatic sunna) is an act upheld by the Prophet (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) perpetually whilst letting it be known that its performance is not fard, such as the two rak`ahs before the fard of the fajr prayer and after zuhr, maghrib and `isha’. The abandonment of a sunna mu`akkada (emphatic sunna) is not punishable, but nevertheless the perpetrator will be reproached, because its omission would be tantamount to opposing that which the Prophet (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) perpetuated.

The giving of non-obligatory charity for one who is capable, the four rak`ahs before `asr and `isha’ are sunna ghayr mu`akkada, namely, actions which the Prophet (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) did not perform perpetually.  It is also referred to as mustahab.[/quote]

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