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[quote]Ijtihad

The term Ijtihad means to derive and deduce religious opinion about some matter that is not mentioned in the sources of Islam,

keeping in view the spirit and overall framework of Islam. In other words, the area of Ijtihad is the area in which Islam is silent and

one must use one’s common sense, intellect and experience to arrive at an opinion that should be in conformity with the spirit of Islam.
                   The Arabic for the words : ‘I will exercise my judgement’ are ajtahidu rai from which the term Ijtihad is derived.
source: The renaissance

http://www.renaissance.com.pk/febq42y2.html

Leading Sunni jurists have chosen ijtihad to mean derivation of Shar`i hukm through personal judgement and ray for an issue for which the mujtahid does not find any express text in the Quran or the Sunna.It states that ijtihad is to derive and determine ahkam from the sources; it does not specify that the person performing derivation should also possess the capacity, whereas the mujtahid is the one who possesses the capacity of ijtihad. It means that ijtihad depends on the capacity and it is not possible to derive ahkam from 
reliable sources except through that capacity and here possession of the capacity is taken for granted.

Ijtihad: Its Meaning, Sources, Beginnings and the Practice of Ra'y 
 
by  
Muhammad Ibrahim Jannati      http://www.al-islam.org/al-tawhid/ijtihad/
                
If this is the definition of Ijtehad then the scope is very limited and dependent on the  
Mujtahid and his capacity of critical thinking and independent thought.[/quote]

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