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[quote]1. And call in two male witnesses from among your men [over the document of loan]. And if two men cannot be found then one man and two women from among those whom you deem appropriate as witnesses so that if either of them gets confused the other reminds her. (2:282)

2. And upon those of your women who commit fornication, call in four people from among yourselves to testify over them; if they testify [to their ill-ways], confine them to their homes till death overtakes them or God formulates another way for them. (4:15)

3. Upon those who accuse honourable women [of fornication] and bring not four witnesses as evidence [for their accusation], inflict eighty stripes, and never accept their testimony in future. They indeed are transgressors. But those who repent and mend their ways, Allah is Most-Forgiving and Ever-Merciful. (24:4-5)

Assalam Alaikum

You have stated a few verses of Holy Quran cited above; but I think you did not ask any clear question regarding to verses except that of does the Qur'an require the witnessing of one man to stand equal to that of two women?

So I mention a short explication what I learn and think as a student and seek to know better in the regard.

Verse:  1.		And call in two male witnesses from among your men [over the document of loan]. And if two men cannot be found then one man and two women from among those whom you deem appropriate as witnesses so that if either of them gets confused the other reminds her. (2:282)

Meanings of these lines are as clear as said “call in two male witnesses ……………………her.

Then if you think, 
In the first lines, there is shown priority to a man then a woman because why man has been chosen as witness?

Second, if two men are not found then call in one man and two women; here also it shows that man has given more importance than woman Why one man and two women?

Third, if one of them confused or forgets the other reminds her, once again it shows more importance of a man than a women because “ can a man not be confused? Why a woman has been called if she confused.

Beyond all this, I have been listening from scholars, and learnt some where in Holy Quran that Allah has raised up a stage of man than of woman; and when women heard or read this, from that day they are seen busy to solve this conclusion.

Every thing is created by Allah and called nothing less standard. Every man and woman has been given equal rights of living and equal physique (ie. Two eyes, two ears, mind, legs….); and so as to animals, birds and others; and every thing has been made as couple.

Now when we see a lion with ( four legs, two eyes, …etc ) and a fox, a deer….etc ( with the same physique ) are creations of Allah; but a fox, a deer can not kill a lion where as a lion can easily kill them; why? All are made equally then why some one can do something and other can’t do the same?  
    
A deer and a fox etc can say why we have been given less power that we can’t fight against a loin with dare and protect our lives. Where as a loin can say why I have been given less power that I can’t escape from a man’s net and they (men) catch me at my home (jungle) easily? Somehow a lion can kill also a man; and a man can also kill a lion.

But all this does not mean to say that something is better than other; actually every qualities or powers are given to man or woman equally; so as animals and birds …., but who can utilize these more effectively of them, Allah knows better this. There fore HE separated them as we know easily.

*HE (Allah) says if one of them confused the other reminds her because HE found that she could be confused. It does not mean that HE has given her less memory but Allah has distributed his signs of creations in everyone every where differently (separately); in each separation you will find him and His signs to know Him easily and in a better way.

I think two women but hundred women are not equal to a man and also a women is not less than hundred man, even a man is not equal to a man and a woman to a woman but physically.

This is uncompleted…. And still a lot to say

But if you clearly ask your questions, it would be nice to reply or send comments/views.

Your (1) & (3) stated verses are also keeping a long discussion/explanation if you not ask any clear question.
Do reply against my comments what u did calculate as I may change my views or get more about Allah and His direction.

A. Karime, Jacobabad[/quote]

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