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Mutah or temporary marriges
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[quote]In Egypt they call it Al-zawaj al-urfi and in the GCC they call it Nikah Misyar, including in the Saudi Arabia, in the basin of Whahabism. Nikah Misyar: Nikah Misyar or "travellers' marriage" (Arabic: نكاح المسيار) is the Sunni Muslim Nikah (marriage) contract carried out via the normal contractual procedure, with a negotiated understanding between the couple that the husband is not obliged to fulfill his usual financial commitments, and the wife lives a separate or independent life also free from her marital commitments. The couple continue to live separately from each other, as before their contract, and see each other to fulfill their needs in a halaal manner when they please. Essentially the wife gives up some of her rights, such as; living with the husband, equal division of nights between wives in cases of polygamy, rights to housing, and maintenance money ("nafaqa"), while the husband also gives up his normal marital rights. Background and Causes: The misyar marriage represents, according to some, an adaptation of the needs of people who are not able to marry in the traditional way, in countries such as Saudi Arabia, Kuwait or the United Arab Emirates. This is usually due to the cost of rents; the high cost of living in general; the high amounts of dowry required; and other similar economic and financial concerns. The Sheikh of Al-Azhar Muhammad Sayid Tantawi and the well-known theologian Yusuf Al-Qaradawi note in their writings and in their lectures, that a major proportion of the men who take a spouse in the framework of the misyar marriage are already married men. Islamic lawyers argue that it fits the needs of a conservative society which punishes “zina” (fornication) and other sexual relationships which are established outside a marriage contract. Islamic lawyers explain that it can be ideal for young people whose resources are too limited to settle down in a separate home; for divorcees, widows or widowers, who have their own residence and their own financial resources but cannot, or do not want to marry again according to the usual formula; and for slightly elder people who have not tasted the joys of marriage. Thus this is argued as a solution for the million and half women who are reduced to a situation of forced celibacy in Saudi Arabia alone. Misyar Marriage in Practice: The practice of Misyar marriage is sometimes different from the reasons Islamic lawyers give for this institution. Wealthy Kuwaiti and Saudi men sometimes enter into a Misyar marriage while on vacation, this allows them to have sexual relations with another woman without committing the sin of zina, they usually divorce the women once their holiday is over, although if this is understood by both parties this would constitute a fixed time period, effectively making such a marriage invalid in Sunni law, and more akin to the Shia Mut'ah marriage. They travel to poorer countries, such as Egypt or Syria, and meet middlemen who arrange a marriage for them. Some men arrange Misyar marriages online. These men pay the girl's family some money; families agree to the arrangement because of poverty, hope their girl will have fun, and visit places that she can only dream about. They also hope for gifts at the end of the marriage that the rich husband will give her. Sometimes the husband keeps the wife for his next vacation and sends her money in the interim period. Many wives hope to win the love of their husbands so that they may live with them permanently. Since the wife knows that she will most likely be divorced, most misyar wives do their best to prevent pregnancy. Some Egyptian men working in the Gulf countries prefer to engage in the misyar marriage rather than live alone for years. Many of them are actually already married with wives and children in their home country, but they cannot bring them. A reporter in Jeddah reported that some marriage officials say 7 out of 10 marriage contracts they conduct are misyar, and in some cases are asked to recommend prospective misyar partners. Most of the women opting for misyar either are divorced, widowed or older than what is desired by many. Criticism of Misyar: Islamic scholars like Ibn Uthaimeen or Al-Albani claim that misyar marriage may be legal, but not moral, or agreeable. They argue that the wife can at any time, reclaim the rights which she gave up at the time of contract. They are opposed to this type of marriage because it contradicts the spirit of the Islamic law of marriage and argue it has perverse effects on the woman, the family and the community in general. Critics argue that many men would not marry a second wife within the regime of normal Islamic polygamy, because of the heavy financial burdens, moral obligations & responsibilities it places on the husband, so opt for the easy option of misyar marriage. Critics also argue that this type of marriage usually ends up in divorce eventually. As a result the wife finds herself abandoned, to lead a solitary life as before the marriage, but traumatized by the experience, while her social status and reputation degraded. __________________[/quote]
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